The new moon will occur on Saturday (October 14), at 1:55 pm EDT (1755 GMT), according to the US Naval Observatory, and this time the moon will create an annular solar eclipse that can be seen in the southwestern United States and southern Mexico. Central America and northern South America, especially Colombia and Brazil.
New moons occur when the moon It passes between the Sun and the Earth. About every 29.5 days, the Sun and Moon share the same celestial longitude, an alignment also called a conjunction. The celestial longitude is a projection of Earth’s longitudes onto the celestial sphere – a line drawn from the north celestial pole, near the Pole Star, towards the south the sun Also hits the new moon. In this case, the sun and the moon are lined up so that the moon passes in front of the sun, placing part of the Earth in its shadow and creating Solar eclipse.
Solar eclipses come in several varieties. There is a total solar eclipse, for example, in which the moon completely blocks the sun. Another type is Annular solar eclipse, where the moon appears slightly smaller than the sun; There is a ring of light around the edge of the moon. The reason why different eclipses occur is that the Moon’s orbit is an ellipse and not a complete circle; The Moon can be closer or farther away from us than “normal” as it passes. Although the difference is small, it is enough to change the apparent size of the moon in the sky. A big difference, visually, between an annular eclipse and a total eclipse is that one cannot see the solar corona (part of the solar eclipse). Sun atmosphere) during an annular eclipse, because the ring of light around the moon is very bright.
Related: Explain the five main stages of the October annular solar eclipse
Important note about Observing a solar eclipse: Always use proper safety equipment, and do not view the sun directly through visual aids without approved solar filters. Even when the sun appears dim (such as during sunset or sunrise), a camera lens, low-powered binoculars, or spotting scope can be used, not to mention binoculars. telescopeIt will focus the light and energy from the sun into your eye. This can cause retinal burns and permanent damage to eyesight. The safest thing to do is to view the eclipse through filtered glasses specially designed for this purpose, or to project the image of the eclipse onto a large flat surface mounted behind a mounted telescope or binoculars. As a general rule, if it’s not specifically designed for viewing the sun, don’t use it to view the eclipse.
For observers in the United States, Saturday’s solar eclipse will be first visible on Oregon’s west coast, near Eugene. In Eugene, the moon will touch the edge of the sun at 8:05 a.m. local time. Sunrise is at 7:25 am, so the sun is close to the horizon. The Moon will appear to touch the “top” of the Sun and pass through it as the Sun rises in the sky. The annular eclipse — the moment when the moon is surrounded by a ring of sunlight — begins at 9:16 a.m. and lasts for 3 minutes and 55 seconds. The eclipse ends at 10:39 a.m. local time.
The path of the moon’s shadow will move approximately to the southeast across the continent. As it leaves Oregon and enters Nevada, the annular eclipse will be visible in Winnemucca and Elko. In Elko, the eclipse begins at 8:07 a.m. Pacific time and the annular begins at 9:22 a.m., lasting 4 minutes and 18 seconds. The route then moves into Utah, southwest of Salt Lake City; One good place to see it is Capitol Reef National ParkThe eclipse begins at 9:09 AM Mecca time. The episode is at 10:27 AM PT and lasts 4 minutes and 40 seconds.
The eclipse’s path also passes through Four Corners Monument, where the borders of Colorado, Utah, Arizona and New Mexico meet. The eclipse begins at 9:11 a.m. local time and the annular begins at 10:30 a.m., lasting for 4 minutes and 40 seconds. In New Mexico, the eclipse will be visible in Albuquerque and Santa Fe. In both cities, the eclipse begins at 9:13 a.m. local time. In Albuquerque, the loop starts at 10:34 a.m. and in Santa Fe at 10:36 a.m. The loop is much longer in Albuquerque; 4 minutes and 48 seconds compared to 2 minutes and 45 seconds for Santa Fe. The reason for the difference is that Santa Fe is closer to the edge of the shadow path. Albuquerque is closer to its center.
In Texas, the eclipse will be visible in cities such as Odessa, San Antonio and Corpus Christi. In San Antonio, the eclipse begins at 10:23 a.m. local time and the annular begins at 11:52 a.m., lasting for 4 minutes and 21 seconds.
The next focal points of the eclipse will be in Mexico, in the states of Campeche, Yucatan and Quintana Roo. In Chetumal, first contact (when the moon touches the sun) is at 10:51 a.m. local time, and annular contact, which lasts 4 minutes and 21 seconds, begins at 12:29 p.m.
The annular will be visible over the entire northern half of Belize and into central Honduras and Nicaragua. In Costa Rica, the loop trail grazes the Atlantic coast; Lemon City will have 1 minute and 18 seconds of the episode at 12:02 PM local time.
After that, the eclipse can be seen in central Panama and then Colombia. In Cali, Colombia, the eclipse begins at 11:45 a.m. local time. The episode is at 1:31pm local time and lasts 3 minutes and 40 seconds. In Brazil, the loop trail passes through the northern half of the country, starting in Amazonas state and ending in Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte. In Natal, where the eclipse’s path leaves the east coast of Brazil, the eclipse begins at 3:29 pm local time and annular time is at 4:43 pm. Natal is located at the point where the sun sets before the eclipse ends; Sunset is at 5:13 PM local time, when the Sun is partially covered by the Moon.
Related: Annular solar eclipse 2023: Everything you need to know about the “Ring of Fire” eclipse in North America
Nocturnal planets
While the solar eclipse won’t be visible everywhere on October 14, the planets in the night sky will be. At the latitude of New York City, Chicago, or Sacramento, Mars It will be very close to the horizon at sunset and will be lost under the glare of the evening sun. But by about 8 p.m., Saturn The planet will be visible in the southeast, about 32 degrees above the horizon in New York City, where sunset occurs at 6:17 pm local time on October 14. The planet reaches its highest altitude, which is 36 degrees, at around 9:37 pm. It was set at 2:54 a.m. on October 15. (Your clenched fist at arm’s length covers about 10 degrees of sky.)
Jupiter The planet rises at 7:12 PM local New York time, so the planet is visible throughout the night as it moves across the southern half of the sky. Jupiter reaches its highest point (called a meridian transit or transit) at 2:06 a.m. EDT on Sunday (October 15), when its altitude reaches about 63 degrees, about two-thirds of the way from the southern horizon to its zenith. The planet sets after sunrise on Sunday at 9:01 am local time.
Venus It rises at 3:17 a.m. Sunday in New York, in the constellation Leo. It will be the brightest object in the sky in the dawn hours. By sunrise at 7:06 a.m. the planet will reach an altitude of 42 degrees in the southeast; If you notice this, try to see how far the planet remains visible near sunrise.
MercuryAt the same time, it will be almost impossible to see, because it is so close to the Sun: At sunrise, the planet is no more than 3 degrees above the horizon, and the planet rises at 6:49 a.m. in New York.
For sky watchers in the Southern Hemisphere, the situation will be slightly different, as the sky is “reverse”. Jupiter, for example, rises at 9:29 pm in Santiago, Chile (and at similar times in other locations at mid-southern latitudes) and reaches its highest altitude at 2:54 am local time on Sunday, when its altitude is about 42 degrees. (About halfway to the height of the horizon). Saturn, which rises in the afternoon (3:45 p.m. local time in Santiago), is approximately 68 degrees north at about 10 p.m., while Venus rises at 4:56 a.m. local time on Sunday in Santiago, and with sunrise (which At 7:01 a.m.) the planet’s temperature is 24 degrees in the northwest.
Stars and constellations
From mid-northern latitudes in mid-October summer Horoscopes Of the zodiac signs – Sagittarius, Ophiuchus and Scorpio – are in a position; Scorpio is mostly below the horizon and Sagittarius is low in the southwest by 7:30 p.m.; The Summer Triangle consisting of Altair, Vega, and Deneb is located in the western half of the sky. Looking almost straight up, one sees Deneb, with Vega to the right if one is facing south, and Altair below both. Heading north, one will see Big Dipper Near the horizon, the classic dipper shape appears right side up (the bowl is facing up), and one can use pointers, the stars named Dubhe and Merak, to find Polaris, the pole star. Polaris is the brightest star in Ursa Minor, the Little Dipper, and if the sky is dark and one away from city lights, it is easier to see the curve of the handle of the Little Dipper.
If one continues the line from the Big Dipper via Polaris, one will reach Caph, or Beta Cassiopeiae. Along with four other bright stars, it forms Cassiopeia, a “W”-shaped constellation. Between Cassiopeia and Little Bear are Cepheus, the king, and Cassiopeia’s husband. Cepheus and Cassiopeia were the legendary king and queen of Ethiopia, and Cassiopeia bragged that they were her daughter Andromeda She was more beautiful than the mermaids, which angered Poseidon, the god of the seas. To appease Poseidon’s anger, Andromeda and Cepheus were forced to sacrifice their daughter Andromeda to the sea monster Cetus, but Perseus rescued Andromeda on his winged horse Pegasus.
In the early evening, Perseus rises; The constellation is located just below Cassiopeia above the northeastern horizon if we follow the “W” from Cassiopeia downward. If we look from below the “W” of Cassiopeia to the south (this will be on the right if one is watching before about 10pm to the east), one will encounter the two long curved lines stars That is the sign of Andromeda, daughter of Cassiopeia. If one follows Andromeda’s stars up and to the right, it will reach Andromeda’s Cape, which is part of a star cluster called the Great Square. One corner of the square is the head of Andromeda, while the other three are the wing of Pegasus.
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As the night progresses and one looks down (to the east) from one corner of the great square, one can see Pisces, or the Pisces, which are two long lines of faint stars forming a large “V” shape, with two small rings at the ends. However, Pisces is difficult to see from urban locations, because the stars there are not as bright. By 10 p.m., the constellation Cetus is above the horizon. Cetaceans are often depicted as whales, and their name is related to the word cetacean, which zoologists use to describe the order of mammals that includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Looking south (to the right) of Cetus and near the southern horizon, one can see Big Fish, the brightest star in the Australian constellation Pisces, the Southern Pisces. Big mouth fish It is a first-magnitude star and also one of the Sun’s closest neighbors, being only 25 light-years away.
In the Southern Hemisphere, sunset is later as the Australian summer approaches. In Santiago, Chile, the sun sets at 7:54 PM local time (new moon at 2:55 PM local time). So the sky won’t get really dark until about 9 p.m., and observers there will see it Southern Cross A depression in the southwest, just below the weir and regel of Kintaurus, which can be found by following the ‘mast’ of the cross to the north (up from the horizon). If we turn left and look southeast, we will see Achernar, the end of the Eridanus River, at an elevation of about 37 degrees. If one looks in the other direction, towards the west, one can see Antares, the heart of Scorpius (which lies below the horizon in mid-northern latitudes). Scorpio is “inverted” – the scorpion’s claws point toward the horizon rather than upward, and the tail bends toward the zenith, forming a fishhook shape that ends about 50 degrees above the horizon. Above Scorpio is the teapot shape of Sagittarius.
Looking to the north, one can see the northern hemisphere Summer trianglebut with Altair above and Deneb and Vega below, near the horizon, with Altair and Vega forming a near-vertical line and Deneb lying to the right (east) of them.
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